He withdrew to Verona, reaching its outskirts on 27 September, where he immediately set up a fortified camp. On 28 August, Odoacer met him at the Isonzo, only to be defeated. In 489, Theodoric led the Ostrogoths across the Julian Alps and into Italy.
Within a year, Zeno had him assassinated. Armatus defected from Basiliscus to Zeno in 476, and was made senior imperial general for life. When Theodoric rebelled in 485, he had in mind Zeno's treatment of Armatus. Theodoric had his own reasons to agree to this offer, as he had enough experience to know (or at least suspect) that Zeno would not, in the long term, tolerate his independent power. Thus Zeno sought to destroy Odoacer and promised Theodoric the Great and his Ostrogoths the Italian peninsula if they were to defeat and remove Odoacer. According to John of Antioch, Odoacer exchanged messages with Illus, who had been in revolt against Zeno since 484. When Julius Nepos was murdered by two of his retainers in his country house near Salona (May 480), Odoacer assumed the duty of pursuing and executing the assassins, and at the same time established his own rule in Dalmatia.Īs Odoacer's position improved, Zeno, the Eastern Emperor, increasingly saw him as a rival. Clover dates this cession to September or October 476. Noting that "Odovacar seized power in August of 476, Gaiseric died in January 477, and the sea usually became closed to navigation around the beginning of November", F.M. He achieved a solid diplomatic coup by inducing the Vandal King Gaiseric to cede to him Sicily. At the beginning of his reign he "slew Count Bracila at Ravenna that he might inspire a fear of himself among the Romans." He took many military actions to strengthen his control over Italy and its neighboring areas. Unlike most of the last emperors, he acted decisively. In 476, the barbarian warlord Odoacer founded the Kingdom of Italy as the first King of Italy, initiating a new era over Roman lands. JSTOR ( August 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Battle of Isonzo" 489 – news Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Hovewer, a recent find of ampoules with calcium hypochlorite at the village of Kred, now exhibited at the Kobarid WWI Museum, leads to the conclusion that the Italian IVth army's command, located in Kred, considered decontamination measures against Yperite necessary.This section does not cite any sources. The possibility of a chemical attack was underestimated by the Italian high command as shown by the ineffective gas-masks issued to the troops. The joint German and Austro-Hungarian forces waged a massive gas-attack with dichloroarsine and phosgene, which was later disclosed as the horrifying overture to the general disordered retreat of the Italian troops to Piave. The ensuing trench-warfare during the eleven Isonzo battles ended with the 12th battle known as the Kobarid/Karfeit/Caporetto break-thru in October 1917. In exchange for the opening of this front, the Kingdom of Italy would be granted large tracts of territory in the wesster provinces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and along the Adriatic coast. The Isonzo front/Soška fronta was opened on by the Kingdom of Italy according to a secret London Treaty. The contents of the unlabelled ampoules were identified as calcium hypochlorite, a decontaminant for mustard gas (Yperite). Sources and methods: Analysis of ampoules from the Kobarid Museum using pharmacopoeial methods. To identify the contents of ampoules stored items at the WW I Kobarid Museum, Slovenia.
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